Animal Habitats

Learning goal: The world has many different environments, and distinct environments support the life of different types of organisms. Animals have adaptations (or traits) that help them survive in different environments.

• Reading= If You’re Happy and You Know It: Jungle Edition by Andy Warhola, The Salamander Room by Anne Mazer, Zoo Looking by Mem Fox (or Good Night, Gorilla by Peggy Rathmann), Our Earth by Anne Rockwell and What Do You Do with a Tail Like This? by Steve Jenkins and Robin Page (or What Do You Do? by Mandy Stanley). Letter of the day: Z is for zoo.
• Art= Draw a picture of your favorite animal or an imaginary animal. Include elements of its habitat in your drawing. Invite your child to tell you about the animal. Where does it live? What does it eat? Does it swim, walk, slither or fly? What else can it do? Optional: provide feathers, yarn, bird seed or sand paper to add texture to the animal.
• Science= Supply six bowls filled with grass, hay, tree leaves (or pine needles), sand, water and ice. The bowls represent different animal habitats, such as grasslands, farms, forests, deserts, lakes and snow. Provide many different types of plastic animals. Invite children to place each animal in their favorite home (or habitat). Then choose two animals and imagine they trade places. Do you think they could survive in their new home? Why or why not? Which traits (or adaptations) might be helpful in their new habitat? Which adaptations would not be helpful? (For a list of adaptations for a variety of organisms visit National Geographic Kids.) Extension: Place one animal on each continent in a world map. Discuss how animals seen at the zoo have come from all over the world.
  
• Play= Play a game of animal charades, dramatize a circus act, or visit your local zoo. Notice the different habitats that have been re-created to help zoo animals feel at home.

Fun facts: Adaptations are heritable traits (e.g., a body part or a behavior) that help an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environment. The adaptations of any particular species have evolved over a long period of time by the process of natural selection.

Insects & Frogs

Learning goal: Tools help scientists see, measure, and do things that they could not otherwise see, measure and do. Introducing microscopes and magnifying glasses!

• Reading= Hey, Little Ant by Phillip Hoose, In the Tall, Tall Grass by Denise Fleming, A Frog in the Bog by Karma Wilson and Miss Spider’s Tea Party by David Kirk. Letter of the day= I is for insect.
• Art= If you're comfortable with a mess, paint with fly swatters (outdoors of course)! If not, make insects from egg cartons. Paint three egg sections for an ant (representing head, thorax and abdomen). Add eyes and use pipe cleaners for legs and antennae. Egg cartons are also great for making green caterpillars, red ladybugs and black spiders. Tip: Store egg carton insects in a shoe box with green Easter grass. Alternatively, draw spider webs with glue then cover with glitter. Or, roll a painted marble over paper in a box to make a spider web. Add fingerprint spiders.
  
• Science= Hunt for bugs and examine them with a magnifying glass. Look in grass, soil, sun and shade (i.e., under a rock). What insects did you find in each place? Do some have wings? How many legs does each one have? Catch some bugs in a jar and observe them for a while. Who moves the quickest? the slowest? Experiment: Place different foods around your yard (e.g., peanut butter, bread crumbs, yogurt, apples). Which food attracts the most ants and other insects?
• Play= Make a giant spider web in your house with yarn and have a tea party or picnic there. Use party blowers like frog tongues and play a game of leap frog. Or, play "Cootie" to reinforce insect parts and structures.

Fun fact: Frogs eat insects! Help scientists conserve frogs and toads by participating in Frogwatch USA. Learn about frogs in your area, view photos and listen to local frog calls here!

Mothers & Babies

Learning goal: Objects have many observable properties and the ability to react with other substances. Enjoy this introduction to diaper chemistry!

• Reading= I Love You, Stinky Face by Lisa McCourt, Llama, Llama Red Pajama by Anna Dewdney, Just What Mama Needs by Sharlee Glenn and David Smells by David Shannon. Letter of the day: M is for mother.
• More favorite books: What Mommies Do Best by Laura Numeroff, My Monster Mama Loves Me So by Laura Leuck, Counting Kisses by Karen Katz, Love You Forever by Robert Munsch and Does a Kangaroo Have a Mother Too? by Eric Carle.
  
• Science: Both Moms and kids will naturally be curious about the science behind a disposable diaper. Just how much water does one diaper hold? Put your diapers to the test! Experiment with a variety of absorbent materials (paper towels, sponges, wash cloths, cotton balls, etc.). Then measure how much water (colored yellow) a cloth diaper versus a disposable diaper can hold. Dissect (cut open) a dry disposable diaper to find out what’s inside. Shake its inner contents over black paper to find the hidden polymer that makes it happen. Collect the white powdery crystals in a cup and watch them expand when you add water. Finally, pour salt over the crystals to reverse the process and release the water. Wow!
• Art: Use baby wipes to make tie dye art. Roll, fold or twist a single baby wipe then secure with a few elastics. Color the twisted baby wipe with watercolor markers. Press the markers down on the wipe long enough for the ink to go all the way through to the inside. Wear rubber gloves if you don’t want your hands to get messy. An adult can cut the elastics off and the child can unfold his creation. Let dry overnight then mount and display.
• Play: Play bottle bowling! Set up 10 baby bottles in the shape of a triangle. Roll a large rubber ball to knock them down. Fill bottles with animal finger puppets or other decor to make the bottles look extra fun.
  

Fun facts: The polymer inside disposable diapers is called sodium polyacrylate. It can instantly absorb about 800 times its mass in water. However, diapers still leak when a baby’s urine contains enough salt.

Flowers & Bees

Learning goal: Plants have structures that serve different functions in growth, survival and reproduction.

• Reading= The Tiny Seed by Eric Carle, What Does Bunny See? by Linda Sue Park, Drat that Fat Cat! by Pat Thomson, The Beeman by Laurie Krebs and The Reason for a Flower by Ruth Heller. Letter of the day: F is for flower.
• Science= Experiment with flowers! Dissect several flowers sorting their parts into a muffin tin. Find roots, stems, leaves, petals, pollen-givers (anthers) and pollen-receivers (stigmas). Compare stems to a straw used for drinking. Then add food coloring to water and observe white flowers drink the water and slowly turn color. Let sit over night. Alternatively, make a beehive using a balloon and paper mache. Learn about bees and the making of honey.
• Art= Glue a seed to paper. Invite the child to draw a flower that might grow from that seed. Encourage them to include all the flower parts you just discovered. Add fingerprint bees. Alternatively, make a gift of flowers for your mother for Mother’s Day. String foam flowers and straws (cut is small pieces) to make a lei. Or, make tissue paper flowers with pipe cleaner stems and decorate a tin can vase to put them in.
  
• Play= Make biscuits and eat them with honey, go for a walk to pick some flowers for your mom, or play with straws. For example, blow air through a straw to move an object (e.g., a toilet paper tube) across a finish line.

Fun fact: Honeybees must visit between 100 and 1500 flowers in order to fill their stomachs with nectar (liquid made by flowers). In the process of going from flower to flower, pollen gets stuck on the bee and is rubbed off on the flowers. This pollinates many flowers, fertilizing them and producing seeds. In one year, a colony of bees eats between 120 and 200 pounds of this modified nectar we call honey.

Dogs & DNA

Learning goal: Compare pets and stuffed animals to distinguish between living and non-living things (e.g., living things grow, reproduce and have DNA).

• Reading= I Wish My Brother Was a Dog by Carol Diggory Shields (or Chewy Louie by Howie Schneider), The Perfect Pet by Margie Palatini, Corduroy by Don Freeman and The New Puppy by Judith Tabler. Cat lovers can include Kitten's First Full Moon by Kevin Henkes. Letter of the day: D is for dog and DNA.
• Art= Make pet collars and dog ear headbands. Attach faux jewel stickers on a paper collar, write your name on it, then tape it around your neck. Personalize dog ears (also cutout from paper) using crayons, circle stickers for spots, or tissue paper for fur (orange, black, brown). Staple the dog or cat ears to a strip of heavy paper that can be placed around your child’s head. Tip: Dog ear cutouts can be made by tracing your child’s shoe.
• Science: Present a variety of living and non-living things (e.g., a plant, an animal, soil, a rock and a stuffed animal). Which of these things is alive? Explain that living things eat, grow, have families (or reproduce), and have feelings (or can respond to their environment). Talk about the plant or animal you brought. What does it eat? How tall will it grow? Will it have babies or produce seeds? How does it respond to weather and other animals or humans?
• Experiment: What makes living things grow? DNA! Extract DNA from dried peas using a blender, dish soap and rubbing alcohol. See instructions. Then plant pea seeds in soil using a clear plastic cup as a container. Measure the pea plants growth over time by marking its height on a piece of butcher paper. Track your child’s growth over time as well. Explain that plants, animals and humans grow because they have DNA. Additional reading: I Know How My Cells Make Me Grow by Kate Rowan.
• Play= Build dog houses out of tables and blankets, look for a hidden dog bone or ball of yarn, and serve lunch in dog or cat bowls. Or, visit a veterinarian and learn what they do to help sick pets feel well again.
  

Fun facts: DNA day is celebrated every year on April 25 to commemorate both the discovery of its structure in 1953 (see photo of James Watson and Francis Crick above) and the completion of the Human Genome Project in 2003. The sequence of the dog genome was recently published in Dec. 2007.

Caring for Earth

Learning goal: Earth provides the things that we need, such as air, water, food, fuel and building materials. The supply of these resources is limited; resources can be extended through recycling and decreased use.

• Reading= On Earth by G. Brian Karas, The Garbage Monster by Joni Sensel, Why Should I Recycle? by Jen Green, Our Big Home by Linda Glaser and The Earth and I by Frank Asch. Letter of the day= R is for reduce, reuse, recycle.
• Science= Introduce planets and resources using two kinesthetic activities. 1) Invite children to carry a ball (representing a planet) as they run around a sun. Explain that Earth is one of nine planets that circles around the sun. How many times have you circled the sun? If you’re three years old, run around the sun three times as you count aloud. 2) Talk about how we care for and clean our homes. Explain that Earth is our home too. We share our home with lots of other people, plants and animals. Explain what we can do to care for Earth and keep it clean (e.g., don’t litter, recycle, conserve energy and water, etc.). What items can be recycled? Sort metals, plastics, paper goods and glass into different grocery bags or boxes.
• Art= Make “garbage monsters” using trash from your recycle bin. Items may include brown paper grocery bags, egg cartons, toilet paper tubes, bottle caps, aluminum foil, tin cans, milk jugs, yogurt containers, plastic bottles, straws, plastic wrap, plastic utensils, paper cups and plates, magazines, newspaper comics, old socks, etc. Have staplers, tape and glue handy. Alternatively, cut out pictures from old magazines to create a collage of the things in nature that bring you joy. Include both living and non-living things, such as quiet beautiful places.
• Play= Plant a tree to beautify your world, go on a litter walk to pick up trash in your neighborhood, or play games using recycled items (e.g., spin the bottle, tin can stilt race, etc.). You could also take your kids out to a landfill ("the dump") or tour a recycling center.
  

Fun facts: The first Earth day was held on April 22, 1970. Earth is more than 4 billion years old!

Conservation tips for kids: Turn off water while brushing teeth and taking a bath. Turn off lights and TV when not in use. Draw on both sides of your paper to save the trees. Donate old clothes, toys, books and games to younger siblings or other children in need.

Clouds & Rain

Learning Goal: Weather changes from day to day. Rain is important to every living thing.

• Reading= Little Cloud by Eric Carle (or It Looked Like Spilt Milk by Charles G. Shaw), Umbrella by Taro Yashima, The Puddle by David McPhail, A Drop Around the World by Barbara Shaw McKinney and I Love the Rain by Margaret Park Bridges and Christine Davenier. Letter of the day= U is for umbrella.
• Science= Observe the water cycle in action with these fun activities. Boil some water to show how heat turns water into clouds (or steam). Give each child a cotton ball (representing a cloud). Place the cloud gently over a bowl of cold water (representing a lake). Watch the water travel up to fill the cloud. When it’s saturated, pick up the cloud and let it rain!
  
• Experiment= Fill several different glasses with a 1/2 c. of water. Place the cups in different areas around the house (a sunny window, a cold garage, a warm stove top, inside the refrigerator, etc.). Invite the kids to mark the changing water level over time. How long do you think it will take for the water to evaporate and join the clouds? Record your hypothesis. How did the location (or temperature) of the water affect the rate of evaporation?
  
• Art= On blue colored paper draw an outline of your favorite shape (e.g., lamb, airplane, tree, bunny, hat or dinosaur). Then glue cotton balls inside the outlined shape to make a cloud. Fine art: Pierre-August Renoir’s The Umbrellas. Try drawing a picture of yourself holding an umbrella (or adhere a folded baking paper to represent an umbrella). Brush some watery blue paint across the top of your picture. Hold upright to let the wet paint drip down like rain.
• Play= Find shapes in the clouds outside, jump in puddles with your rain boots, catch raindrops on your tongue and do some singing in the rain. Not raining? Make your own rain with squirt bottles and play with umbrellas, or make your own boat and sail it in the bath tub.